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基于matlab GUI PCM编码+QAM调制

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发表于 2021-9-24 10:49 | 只看该作者 |只看大图 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式

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一、PCM编码+QAM调制简介' c7 y/ I5 W: q/ |, l0 A; c. p8 `# }
1 PCM
( O9 y0 a& ~! |( h) g数字信号是对连续变化的模拟信号进行抽样、量化和编码产生的,称为PCM(Pulse Code Modulation),即脉冲编码调制。( L  L! I1 j" O! R
脉冲编码调制就是把一个时间连续,取值连续的模拟信号变换成时间离散,取值离散的数字信号后在信道中传输。脉冲编码调制就是对模拟信号先抽样,再对样值幅度量化,编码的过程。( q* R/ W) a; s% M. ?3 j
抽样,就是对模拟信号进行周期性扫描,把时间上连续的信号变成时间上离散的信号。该模拟信号经过抽样后还应当包含原信号中所有信息,也就是说能无失真的恢复原模拟信号。它的抽样速率的下限是由抽样定理确定的。抽样速率采用8Kbit/s。+ L0 f( h. }; C* B
量化,就是把经过抽样得到的瞬时值将其幅度离散,即用一组规定的电平,把瞬时抽样值用最接近的电平值来表示。
5 [1 k6 E8 C0 J' n$ v- D$ }# K7 n一个模拟信号经过抽样量化后,得到已量化的脉冲幅度调制信号,它仅为有限个数值。编码,就是用一组二进制码组来表示每一个有固定电平的量化值。然而,实际上量化是在编码过程中同时完成的,故编码过程也称为模/数变换,可记作A/D。
8 `4 @. H6 I9 v, i& Z8 B话音信号先经防混叠低通滤波器,进行脉冲抽样,变成8KHz重复频率的抽样信号(即离散的脉冲调幅PAM信号),然后将幅度连续的PCM信号用“四舍五入”办法量化为有限个幅度取值的信号,再经编码后转换成二进制码。对于电话,CCITT规定抽样率为8KHz,每抽样值编8位码,即共有2^8=256个量化值,因而每话路PCM编码后的标准数码率是64kb/s。为解决均匀量化时小信号量化误差大,音质差的问题,在实际中采用不均匀选取量化间隔的非线性量化方法,即量化特性在小信号时分层密,量化间隔小,而在大信号时分层疏,量化间隔大。均匀量化的小信号的信噪比小。
1 l( }+ A8 C# K! T( [8 D6 K非均匀量化: 由于一些信源信号, 如语音信号, 小幅度信号发生的概率大于大幅度信号的概率, 采用非均匀量化(即小幅度信号的量化步长小于大幅度信号的的量化步长) 效果更好好 (表现在语音信号上, 可以使信号具有足够的信噪比)。非均匀量化特性通常是把信号通过一个非线性的设备, 小信号幅度进行放大, 大信号幅度进行压缩, 再通过均匀量化实现。
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2 常规双边带调幅AM" ?- F7 S2 A( B$ Z
t 域:已调信号的波形,调制/解调方法
% s9 j+ [7 g# S8 L2 L: gf 域:已调信号的频谱,带宽B
" e' T; j8 c9 r8 q4 sAM信号的包络正比于消息信号的规律,因此可以采用简单的**包络检波方法(非相干解调)**解调;7 E: B) y. W7 u0 X5 w+ E, F! s
频谱由载波、上边带USB、下边带LSB组成。带宽BAM=2fH;
1 o( d& Z9 J* s4 T幅度调制又称为线性调制;$ c* {8 @# ]4 X+ U3 A' q8 [0 d% t- T
应用:中短波调幅广播。, Q" H3 F9 q  i$ O) \
缺点:功率利用率低,最多达到50%" ]6 u' T% ]+ a6 F$ G
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% C  p8 a+ R% P2 n+ w5 e二、源代码
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  • function varargout = test(varargin)
  • % TEST M-file for test.fig
  • %      TEST, by itself, creates a new TEST or raises the existing
  • %      singleton*.
  • %
  • %      H = TEST returns the handle to a new TEST or the handle to
  • %      the existing singleton*.
  • %
  • %      TEST('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
  • %      function named CALLBACK in TEST.M with the given input arguments.
  • %
  • %      TEST('Property','Value',...) creates a new TEST or raises the
  • %      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
  • %      applied to the GUI before test_OpeningFunction gets called.  An
  • %      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
  • %      stop.  All inputs are passed to test_OpeningFcn via varargin.
  • %
  • %      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
  • %      instance to run (singleton)".
  • %
  • % See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
  • % Edit the above text to modify the response to About test
  • % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 04-Jul-2021 19:27:45
  • % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
  • gui_Singleton = 1;
  • gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
  •                    'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
  •                    'gui_OpeningFcn', @test_OpeningFcn, ...
  •                    'gui_OutputFcn',  @test_OutputFcn, ...
  •                    'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
  •                    'gui_Callback',   []);
  • if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
  •     gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
  • end
  • if nargout
  •     [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_maiNFCn(gui_State, varargin{:});
  • else
  •     gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
  • end
  • % End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
  • % --- Executes just before test is made visible.
  • function test_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
  • % This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
  • % hObject    handle to figure
  • % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
  • % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
  • % varargin   command line arguments to test (see VARARGIN)
  • % Choose default command line output for test
  • handles.output = hObject;
  • % Update handles structure
  • guidata(hObject, handles);
  • % UIWAIT makes test wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
  • % uiwait(handles.figure1);
  • % --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
  • function varargout = test_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
  • % varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
  • % hObject    handle to figure
  • % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
  • % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
  • % Get default command line output from handles structure
  • varargout{1} = handles.output;
  • % --- Executes on button press in LOAD.
  • function LOAD_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
  • % hObject    handle to LOAD (see GCBO)
  • % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
  • % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
  • global x fs t
  • [x,fs] = audioread('test.wav');
  • t = (1:length(x))/fs;
  • t8 = length(x)*8;
  • t8 = (1:t8)/fs;
  • Bs =  0.5*fs;
  • save('data.mat','x','fs','t','t8');
  • N = length(x);
  • X=fft(x,N);%进行fft变换
  • mag=abs(X);%求幅值
  • f=(0:length(X)-1)'*fs/length(X);%进行对应的频率转换
  • subplot(2,1,1,'position',[0.3 0.57 0.6 0.3]);
  • plot(t,x)   %时域图
  • xlabel('时间');
  • ylabel('幅值');
  • axis([min(t) max(t) min(x) max(x)]);
  • subplot(2,1,2,'position',[0.3 0.2 0.6 0.3]);
  • plot(f,mag);%做频谱图
  • xlabel('频率');
  • ylabel('幅值');
  • axis([0 max(f) 0 1.1*max(abs(X)) ]);
  • set(handles.LOAD,'enable','off');
  • set(handles.PCM,'enable','on');
  • %set(handles.Play_origin,'enable','on');
  • set(handles.text1,'String','测试音频文件波形如图所示');
  • % --- Executes on button press in PCM.
  • function PCM_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
  • % hObject    handle to PCM (see GCBO)
  • % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
  • % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
  • load data.mat;
  • x1 = x./max(abs(x));
  • sxx = floor( x1 * 4096 );
  • y = pcm_encode(sxx);
  • save('data.mat','y','-append');
  • subplot(1,1,1,'position',[0.3 0.2 0.6 0.65]);
  • plot(t8,y);
  • xlabel('时间');
  • ylabel('幅值');
  • axis([0 0.1 -1 2]);
  • set(handles.dePCM,'enable','on');
  • set(handles.QAM,'enable','on');
  • set(handles.text1,'String','经过PCM编码后,形成二进制码流');
  • % --- Executes on button press in QAM.
  • function QAM_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
  • % hObject    handle to QAM (see GCBO)
  • % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
  • % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
  • prompt={'信道SNR:'};
  • name='Input';
  • numlines=1;
  • defaultanswer={'20'};
  • answer=inputdlg(prompt,name,numlines,defaultanswer);
  • if  ~isempty(answer) ,
  • result = str2num(answer{1,1});
  • load data.mat;
  • Qt = my_qammod(y);
  • Qr = awgn(Qt,result);
  • yy= my_qamdemod(Qr);
  • save('data.mat','yy','-append');
  • subplot(1,1,1,'position',[0.3 0.2 0.6 0.65]);
  • plot(t8,yy);
  • xlabel('时间');
  • ylabel('幅值');
  • axis([0 0.1 -1 2]);
  • set(handles.compare2,'enable','on');
  • set(handles.text1,'String','PCM信号通过QAM调制,送到AWGN信道,再经过解调还原为PCM信号');
  • end
  • % --- Executes on button press in dePCM.
  • function dePCM_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
  • % hObject    handle to dePCM (see GCBO)
  • % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
  • % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
  • load data.mat;
  • xx = pcm_decode(y,max(abs(x)));
  • save('data.mat','xx','-append');
  • N = length(xx);
  • XX=fft(xx,N);%进行fft变换
  • mag=abs(XX);%求幅值
  • f=(0:length(XX)-1)'*fs/length(XX);%进行对应的频率转换
  • function qt = my_qammod(b)
  • [nrow,ncol]=size(b);
  • col=ncol/4;
  • b_2=reshape(b,4,col);
  • b_2=b_2';
  • b_str2=int2str(b_2);
  • b_10=bin2dec(b_str2);
  • b_10=b_10';
  • % --- Executes on button press in Play_arrive.
  • %function Play_arrive_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
  • % hObject    handle to Play_arrive (see GCBO)
  • % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
  • % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
  • %load data.mat;
  • %wavplay(xx);
  • % --- Executes on button press in BYE.
  • function BYE_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
  • % hObject    handle to BYE (see GCBO)
  • % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
  • % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
  • close
  • % --------------------------------------------------------------------
  • function About_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
  • % hObject    handle to About (see GCBO)
  • % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
  • % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
  • msgbox({'        本程序完成对简单音频信号的取样,' 'PCM编码,QAM调制, 通过AWGN信道, ' 'QAM解调,PCM解码的一系列方针操作。'  '作者:吕非彼' '电信工程学院 05114班 ' '学号:050430 序号:12'},'About','Help')
  • % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
  • %function Play_origin_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
  • % hObject    handle to Play_origin (see GCBO)
  • % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
  • % handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
  • % --- Executes during object deletion, before destroying properties.
  • %function Play_origin_DeleteFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
  • % hObject    handle to Play_origin (see GCBO)
  • % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
  • % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
  • % --- If Enable == 'on', executes on mouse press in 5 pixel border.
  • % --- Otherwise, executes on mouse press in 5 pixel border or over Play_origin.
  • %function Play_origin_ButtonDownFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
  • % hObject    handle to Play_origin (see GCBO)
  • % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
  • % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
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三、运行结果
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2#
发表于 2021-9-24 11:33 | 只看该作者
编码,就是用一组二进制码组来表示每一个有固定电平的量化值

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3#
发表于 2021-9-24 14:31 | 只看该作者
数字信号是对连续变化的模拟信号进行抽样、量化和编码产生的,称为PCM(Pulse Code Modulation),即脉冲编码调制

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4#
发表于 2021-9-24 14:32 | 只看该作者
脉冲编码调制就是把一个时间连续,取值连续的模拟信号变换成时间离散,取值离散的数字信号后在信道中传输

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5#
发表于 2021-9-24 14:34 | 只看该作者
由于一些信源信号, 如语音信号, 小幅度信号发生的概率大于大幅度信号的概率, 采用非均匀量化(即小幅度信号的量化步长小于大幅度信号的的量化步长) 效果更好好 (表现在语音信号上, 可以使信号具有足够的信噪比)
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