v(t) = A e-t sin(2ft + )5 W x' I2 o0 b) k4 m! A1 I* [( k2 w
where = damping factor. , L4 l6 N' f: k# k* w9 k$ ?; J; j9 UIf = 0, the waveform is a pure sinusoid (steady state)." f1 z+ A8 b$ Z3 V# p
If < 0, the waveform exhibits decaying oscillations. ' v( W8 Y! G& a( W
If > 0, the waveform exhibits growing oscillations