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' |" Q" V! [+ I) \, e1 Q/ d排列图的绘制
: @, ]: T3 C7 M/ E. c6 i+ w ~" m$ g绘图函数pareto
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1 _8 b* ?# g: T, G) ~8 \用pareto绘图程序:, `/ P7 u$ Y, j$ v. `9 V) j
4 L' ] ~( t5 Q# \% ?4 x1 p* Q排列图
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Y=[1 2 5 3.3 0.9 5.2];
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names={'一队' '二队' '三队' '四队' '五队' '六队'};6 G, i' m; I3 v) v( r
* g: ]0 {) o7 l) eX=[1 2 3 4 5 6];
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subplot(211)
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pareto(Y,names)%x轴的下标标识为names5 o2 O( V0 i: Z4 ^" c% `. l2 ?
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title('排列图示例一')
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3 U! a3 S# P6 @/ W0 w! r5 msubplot(212)
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pareto(Y,X)5 m" L0 }- P; j/ T
& d$ n6 s8 i) Q7 d8 _+ k! Rtitle('排列图示例二')%x轴下标有x指定" L- Z1 p! ?& f" x3 }- S; d
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运行结果: (y轴左侧是标注累积曲线的 )# N/ ~: Q) p" ? a
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pareto(Y) labels each bar with its element index in Y and also plots a line displaying the cumulative sum of Y.
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用stem,stem3绘制柄状图
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6 `6 @, s* ]# a3 m用stem绘图程序:, K7 a" I) y% Q1 W
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二维柄状图+ [: N- Z: A& B9 d( ?# H, @! |
( u2 P2 U3 ^# _4 f" Jy=linspace(0,2*pi,10)% ^; q! X% n" r% y+ F n
- ^! n2 ^8 {7 u7 p- t; J4 f1 X0 _9 Y3 vstem(cos(y),'fill','-.')%对离散图的末端进行了填充9 w k/ A m/ D2 e9 _# \
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title('二维柄状图示例');/ i$ ?1 i3 T0 ^2 F' J$ y
" x$ g0 q$ Y/ O% T运行结果:7 M* t) i. y: O
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阶梯图的绘制: Z2 r; M' F1 n7 v2 N% \ v8 S
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绘图函数stairs
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使用stairs指令,可画出阶梯图,其精神和柄状图相近,只是将目前资料点的高度向右水平画至下一点为止。
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0 {' i* z+ D% o( K7 k用scatter,scatter3绘制散点图9 B# j6 Q) a& S& J4 X& t
* N( P2 F4 Q# U( U) g: k散点图指令scatter3标志三维数据点,前三个输入宗量必须是同长的向量。+ p6 C1 D$ j: w' n4 y* D
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用scatter绘图程序:7 R; e) k& d$ ?" c/ @# k S% V& V8 r
5 i8 u) U" H8 V6 B; M2 H二维散点图
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x=rand(1,100)*100;%绘制图标的x,y轴的坐标
7 D1 b/ O1 o! `5 E( G( by=rand(1,100)*100;
0 ]' ^. r2 v1 @8 d, d' cs=rand(1,100)*100;%绘制图标的大小
3 M" a6 A T% v8 G. [* y) Qc=rand(1,100)*255;%绘制图标的颜色. C+ N b$ f6 D# w: A
subplot(2,1,1)8 D+ I8 p3 i. p _
scatter(x,y);%绘制具有默认大小与颜色的二维散点图/ b3 i' ]/ o: X8 [% u% o
title('二维散点图指令scatter(x,y)');3 G, P0 L7 K# [; j$ L5 K) T, i
subplot(2,1,2)
7 m5 Y8 G' H4 n* [$ n) Fscatter(x,y,s,c);%绘制由参数s、c定义的二维散点图
2 W# H$ z. ]$ @3 ^' x, _title('二维散点图指令scatter(x,y,s,c)');
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scatter(X,Y,S,C) displays colored circles at the locations specified by the vectors X and Y (which must be the same size).
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4 _- v. }: m2 M& qS determines the area of each marker (specified in points^2). S can be a vector the same length as X and Y or a scalar. If S is a scalar, MATLAB draws all the markers the same size. If S is empty, the default size is used.) W8 t; \# U9 \% v
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C determines the color of each marker. When C is a vector the same length as X and Y, the values in C are linearly mapped to the colors in the current colormap. When C is a 1-by-3 matrix, it specifies the colors of the markers as RGB values. If you have 3 points in the scatter plot and wish to have the colors be indices into the colormap, C should be a 3-by-1 matrix. C can also be a color string (see ColorSpec for a list of color string specifiers).
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$ T9 I: M; e9 J D. @! n. \ [x,y,z]=sphere(16);%获取球体的坐标
% S& m& @; B7 y8 M. {, H) kX=x(:);
4 q( v3 S( Y$ K5 MY=y(:);
8 Q" K3 U- @# U- D# n! _8 jZ=z(:);%矩阵的转换" Y- n# H* N6 ?& h
S=floor((abs(Z)+1)*50);
" s: o/ Y* V" C t3 WC=floor(abs(Z)*255);%定义图标大小和颜色与球体的纬度有关2 z) o: w; a1 ^; p9 Y
scatter3(X,Y,Z,S,C,'filled')%绘制三维散点图,填充图标
2 E7 t0 z3 x6 O/ u! G% j9 Htitle('三维散点图:球体示例')' e* N" G# r/ H. g+ B
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|5 u7 T; K, fB = floor(A) rounds the elements of A to the nearest integers less than or equal to A. For complex A, the imaginary and real parts are rounded independently.' v5 X3 h6 e! U- Y4 X1 C* }7 z& W
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7 U/ W8 J9 Z; x2 D用plotmatrix绘制矩阵的散点图# V, m# u6 y4 G( n2 H `( s
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指令 plotmatrix 有两种基本调用方式:8 u1 z; o* o- l4 k
7 z7 @7 q0 M( Q W* _(1)对于数据矩阵p*n 维的 X 和p*m 维的 Y ,调用格式 plotmatrix(X,Y) 将画出一个分割成m*n 个子散点图。其中第(i,j) 个子散点图是根据 Y 第i 列和 X 第j 列数据画出的。(2)对于数据矩阵 p*n维的 X ,调用格式 plotmatrix(X) 将画出分割成n*n 个子块的图。该图的对角块,画出的是 X 每列的数据的频数直方图;而其他子块是相应列构成的散点图。该指令可用来观察数据矩阵(或同一矩阵列向量)间的统计关系。
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x=randn(50,3);
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plotmatrix(y,'*b')! |& M9 ?* t Q' V( Z, a( @( D
title('绘制3×3散点图矩阵')
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% }. s0 P- I3 m3 l8 d7 p4 Lplotmatrix(X,Y) scatter plots the columns of X against the columns of Y. If X is p-by-m and Y is p-by-n, plotmatrix produces an n-by-m matrix of axes.( A O* ?; ~! ?! |& C7 {( l) r
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plotmatrix(X) is the same as plotmatrix(X,X), except that the diagonal is replaced by hist(X(:,i)).
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contour(Z):绘制矩阵Z的等高线图,其中Z为相对X-Y平面的高度,Z必须是至少2*2的矩阵且其中至少有两个不同的值。等高线的级数和各级等高线的数值是基于Z的最大和最小值之间自动选取的,X和Y的范围分别是[1:n]和[1:m], 其中[m,n] = size(Z)。/ f: d, c+ P' f9 p
; @! w# F! z! S; m- Wcontour(Z,n):绘制矩阵Z的n级等高线图
( f: I5 M, G$ _$ Z/ _! A1 P- h8 g, u[C,h] = contour(...) returns a contour matrix, C, derived from the matrix returned by the low-level contourc function, and a handle, h, to a contourgroup object. clabel uses the contour matrix C to create the labels.
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% [* d- j" `1 v% \! p1 ~& o[X,Y]=meshgrid(-2:.2:2,-2:.2:3);%表面网格函数
% [" S( R8 Q+ fZ=X.*exp(-X.^2-Y.^2);
1 z& K1 W* o7 N0 L[C,h]=contour(X,Y,Z,10);%绘制轮廓线
5 t8 [% s; ~0 S' x% eclabel(C,h)%对轮廓线进行标注4 \2 Q$ ~: {/ H1 \ _& z: t
title('二维轮廓图示例')- n4 F/ Z7 @7 T
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