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4 o0 i5 {9 T7 l% i( l2 RMATLAB中plot命令绘图微调的几个注记
8 z( W: o% P# S# t5 H: `1、MATLAB如何从硬盘读取文件。0 Q+ H) i, d1 e0 p4 Y
1 Z a7 B8 l( V) T2、如何微调subplot子图的位置。
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3、plot命令绘曲线时,曲线上的标志如何调整大小。5 T1 V& X0 [2 m- F
% f- p! c. M5 K4、坐标轴的调整。
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+ Q. c+ Y; |4 e1 F2 M( v7 `6、坐标标题中如何标上标。
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3 j5 {9 H# i# t7、如何调整图示(legend)的位置。; y# Q9 F$ o" U0 {
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% 这里要画一个2*2共4幅子图。先将第1个子图的位置调整。
H* {1 f: h, H5 N, g: `/ }h = subplot( 2, 2, 1); % 先让MATLAB默 认绘制第1幅子图,h是子图1的句柄
$ E6 S8 ]# y( X0 n, fpo = get( h, 'Position' ); % get命令从句柄h中获取'Position'的内容,返回一个含4个元素的一维数组放到po中。这4个元 素分别是子图1的left, bottom, width, height。1 J/ u' d: P# }2 B" o0 Z4 J
subplot( 'Position', [po(1)+0.03, po(2)-0.03, po(3), po(4)]); 子图1的新位置可以这样调整7 @, ^. W8 K* D+ B' g3 F% _
%----------------------------------% |) [$ | B" a+ \0 S
+ i2 ~3 s- Z4 t; o8 w% Fhold on;# \7 j( d& H, f, w) y* D7 X
axis([0 13 -3 2]);' \; m2 d/ B/ D" m) x0 h
set( gca, 'XTick', [1:12] ); gca表示当前对象句柄,set命令分别对当前对象(即子图1)设置坐标轴XTick和YTick属性。这 两个属性分别表示了坐标轴的实际绘值范围。
7 z2 V; C& ]2 q4 }% @6 r0 Xset( gca, 'YTick', [-3:1:2] ); O0 h4 o; {9 m0 q; k4 _, D
title( 'The North Hemisphere' );8 a) n6 z+ ?5 \! o9 x: x
plot( 1:12, bc, '-r.', 'MarkerSize', 10 ); 子图1中第1条曲线用实线绘,带有圆点,红色。MarkerSize属性设 置圆点的大小是10。这样画出来的就是实心圆了。+ |4 ^& Q$ G9 F6 Z1 Y: o
plot( 1:12, nit, '-b.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );$ G! }+ {; R6 u, W
plot( 1:12, sul, '-g.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
1 _+ ?1 ^; ^/ S! H9 Y0 d& f2 @plot( 1:12, poa, '-m.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
& S2 t Q+ e: d! c9 Z8 H% s7 Oplot( 1:12, soa, '-k.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
+ D$ @* K6 Z! p/ {4 M$ @9 b- W" m%zeroArr = zeros( 14 );. s: H, W+ N# d1 n3 \: W4 M9 X
%plot( 0:13, zeroArr, '--k' )% l, l5 Q4 k+ Q& r+ e8 U" j! t
xlabel( 'Month' );6 O P6 C+ D! _' z& @/ t
ylabel( 'Radiative Effect (Wm^-^2)' ); 单位里有上标,^表示后续一个字符为上标。( ]% \8 M, L! a7 H( n& e/ c
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; L/ d+ m, {2 I6 p5 _. _" K5 ^下述代码绘子图2、3、4,雷同。
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%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
: d) o* [2 w4 f% B* r. [$ y! O% NH Radiative Forcing Fut-Mod 子图2
& Q9 Y! {5 {6 Z: O* pfid_bc=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingFutMod_NHbc.dat','r');9 _+ V1 K8 H+ y5 I Q ?& a+ ?7 V* |" Y
bc = fscanf( fid_bc, '%f', [1,12]);
& t9 T+ L4 J. w9 ^8 lfclose( fid_bc );
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fid_nit=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingFutMod_NHnit.dat','r');
1 o; P g2 i+ ?4 init = fscanf( fid_nit, '%f', [1,12]);
# V+ M" S8 ?! pfclose( fid_nit );: J) D/ _' F* Y! r) n
, S4 o, Q# C+ }+ l) hfid_sul=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingFutMod_NHsul.dat','r');: J, H, d7 X$ S1 [9 l8 |8 j
sul = fscanf( fid_sul, '%f', [1,12]);
) o8 u0 O6 M# F, \fclose( fid_sul );
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fid_poa=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingFutMod_NHpoa.dat','r');' N# u- C: v' Z6 r) ]
poa = fscanf( fid_poa, '%f', [1,12]);8 X" [/ \: K% r/ [ K
fclose( fid_poa );
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fid_soa=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingFutMod_NHsoa.dat','r');
3 H9 y! d3 I% I$ [/ ~soa = fscanf( fid_soa, '%f', [1,12]);6 e$ ~, D1 k) g0 r" l- R( {6 O
fclose( fid_soa );
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%----------------------------------1 F$ X: {$ g4 J$ x/ ]" t& J+ e+ _
h = subplot( 2, 2, 3, 'replace' );
; c4 `! q3 n- `6 lpo = get( h, 'Position' );9 @! {( W4 [. Y- a* g
subplot( 2, 2, 3, 'replace' );
Q& `) r9 ^: K6 P( Esubplot( 'Position', [po(1)+0.03, po(2)+0.03, po(3), po(4)]);
$ l. z4 ^7 C# v% L%----------------------------------! O$ B% S: X f; U+ o
box on;" O) G2 M. J$ K. [* u* E; y
hold on;
" z1 @, P3 V; faxis([0 13 -3 2]);) a& ?5 c: t+ f% N0 x( H
set( gca, 'XTick', [1:12] );4 V; I+ H) s3 }1 f
set( gca, 'YTick', [-3:1:2] );
. }; P* t. `3 Z9 Y%title( 'NH Fut-Mod' );
; h5 y2 U0 l3 B7 jplot( 1:12, bc, '-r.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
) Q+ Z6 ^9 u+ ^4 Y7 _ {1 i( g" Xplot( 1:12, nit, '-b.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
# W, d0 T( d5 }8 Z: O' Wplot( 1:12, sul, '-g.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );) E$ D# U3 Q) I* T8 C/ ]" R
plot( 1:12, poa, '-m.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );; H0 E% o: B A1 X9 x
plot( 1:12, soa, '-k.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
) Z( b5 u# h' q%zeroArr = zeros( 14 );! a$ s7 X# C- B+ Q G0 B
%plot( 0:13, zeroArr, '--k' )
' l* R% H5 L' Q: T, n' @xlabel( 'Month' );
|- x" R5 i6 T2 l! Iylabel( 'Radiative Forcing (Wm^-^2)' );
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%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
& L4 A/ `/ `, N2 w% k6 w% SH Radiative Effect Mod-Noall 子图3/ Y( K e* m4 R( U6 F
fid_bc=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingModNoall_SHbc.dat','r');6 h x: Y& F, n- J
bc = fscanf( fid_bc, '%f', [1,12]);0 F- d: b7 w' I" S" `" w* O
fclose( fid_bc );& `" P& h! B# H8 A
3 Q* q5 d, j1 q# k% W- S4 Tfid_nit=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingModNoall_SHnit.dat','r');
% A) w* ~+ D4 s2 O H6 _3 |1 A* `nit = fscanf( fid_nit, '%f', [1,12]);
+ Y) \% n' ?( H8 ?/ {/ w' i# u O% bfclose( fid_nit );
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fid_sul=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingModNoall_SHsul.dat','r');8 x% {3 P% i; v
sul = fscanf( fid_sul, '%f', [1,12]);
7 x [$ B/ \/ B. L2 n) b% a6 R( K! zfclose( fid_sul );8 p" F. V7 M4 Z0 |
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fid_poa=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingModNoall_SHpoa.dat','r');5 U& t& u/ l* a; h8 n
poa = fscanf( fid_poa, '%f', [1,12]);0 e4 {+ g2 X# }" \
fclose( fid_poa );" K! j6 C2 _8 d- `" M4 [
( j! K a* z8 }' t7 E6 dfid_soa=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingModNoall_SHsoa.dat','r');
+ [( E6 ^, x2 L$ {: D) @ Z! F! xsoa = fscanf( fid_soa, '%f', [1,12]);
, C3 w% F' \1 t, j+ qfclose( fid_soa );7 h! t T! p3 }# b* ~! `/ @9 v
) S, I: R5 y: L% ^%----------------------------------
; r4 A% |1 u* W& D7 ih = subplot( 2, 2, 2, 'replace' );
" q) P6 [) W# ?. k' vpo = get( h, 'Position' );
' D5 Q7 Y' X# j0 m' {subplot( 2, 2, 2, 'replace' );" x3 i, `4 b* f! c) h' Q
subplot( 'Position', [po(1)-0.03, po(2)-0.03, po(3), po(4)]);: Z F. l( z/ X
%----------------------------------" J1 ^( N7 _. u8 ?0 R
box on;
* }* r0 S. z, a- q, R1 D2 v$ qhold on;2 |- C( `4 m' T$ |% J# a
axis([0 13 -1.2 0.8]);
( `& k c1 V6 ]0 Z, G2 T: I, xset( gca, 'XTick', [1:12] );8 ]! ~7 Y. H1 |9 m: R% z
set( gca, 'YTick', [-1.2:0.4:0.8] );
6 h" a- N! T6 F+ Ltitle( 'The South Hemisphere' );
, Z8 Q* J. W: }plot( 1:12, bc, '-r.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
& r* t/ K0 \3 }$ s: W+ g' T/ Aplot( 1:12, nit, '-b.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
1 d4 u1 N( i* v" P" jplot( 1:12, sul, '-g.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
" b' B3 I$ m1 B H" q9 n- g# y( oplot( 1:12, poa, '-m.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
0 ]/ c4 @; E7 zplot( 1:12, soa, '-k.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
) a( E8 y, v# Z: c; ]1 y$ u+ m%zeroArr = zeros( 14 );/ s: H: z/ B% \- ~/ z6 }3 h
%plot( 0:13, zeroArr, '--k' )' c4 R, ~/ w; U' P
xlabel( 'Month' );2 c- \. p' H& ]! E
%ylabel( 'Radiative Effect (Wm^-^2)' );
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%--------------------------------------------------------------------------& O1 z$ ]. I T
% SH Radiative Forcing Fut-Mod 子图4$ S+ i) @9 q& B1 ?6 |, v
fid_bc=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingFutMod_SHbc.dat','r');
- O7 V% A* n0 Vbc = fscanf( fid_bc, '%f', [1,12]);
" T6 Y+ P2 _1 Gfclose( fid_bc );
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% D5 C+ }3 C/ q. H9 s1 t, V3 xfid_nit=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingFutMod_SHnit.dat','r');$ G6 ^, }* T5 O2 Y
nit = fscanf( fid_nit, '%f', [1,12]);
% Z3 G* B; ?! g. s4 pfclose( fid_nit );
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, L% i N8 Q! ?* S h' rfid_sul=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingFutMod_SHsul.dat','r');3 U' }: w# t" ?1 R
sul = fscanf( fid_sul, '%f', [1,12]);
# K& n( r! Z, Wfclose( fid_sul );9 t0 x' c) V9 K
& g8 E7 q: Q$ ^5 T0 x+ f3 Q# i! C. kfid_poa=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingFutMod_SHpoa.dat','r');! p. k4 J8 x2 K1 ~0 t
poa = fscanf( fid_poa, '%f', [1,12]);
$ a7 j- p' `: n7 ~7 Z6 \4 Qfclose( fid_poa );
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fid_soa=fopen('D:_CurrentPaperRadiativeForcingFutMod_SHsoa.dat','r');
" b. J6 P3 w4 ~( m2 u( K; Jsoa = fscanf( fid_soa, '%f', [1,12]);8 k2 ^( \" m6 h7 A5 Q3 {" _
fclose( fid_soa );
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%----------------------------------$ w) ]1 G5 _1 i$ w
h = subplot( 2, 2, 4, 'replace' );
' v8 d% w. R8 F: x" K- Rpo = get( h, 'Position' );
4 `8 ] O: }( asubplot( 2, 2, 4, 'replace' );
. A7 J- N# N; V3 d+ ksubplot( 'Position', [po(1)-0.03, po(2)+0.03, po(3), po(4)]);
6 S% V0 P- A) o _%----------------------------------: c" E5 K+ R" n$ D( T$ p
box on;
$ R3 B& M( c" Y( ghold on;
8 H$ F5 J. ]3 S" a5 t5 Raxis([0 13 -1.2 0.8]);
5 F4 a, Q/ \9 [# m% [set( gca, 'XTick', [1:12] );
( T/ s3 q! ?# l% e) Fset( gca, 'YTick', [-1.2:0.4:0.8] );
+ n# m! {" L4 ]%title( 'SH Fut-Mod' );
8 C9 Y6 u/ j0 L* e0 ^7 Zplot( 1:12, bc, '-r.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );. [# e: Q, t; \. c. G; A
plot( 1:12, nit, '-b.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
, k+ D5 L2 s. v/ g; E4 R" ?plot( 1:12, sul, '-g.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );( F% k* Y, x+ \
plot( 1:12, poa, '-m.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
7 `& K4 T# ?) rplot( 1:12, soa, '-k.', 'MarkerSize', 10 );
$ z! S# R$ J3 }8 W6 J%zeroArr = zeros( 14 );4 x E8 E% v# e6 c: s d. W
%plot( 0:13, zeroArr, '--k' )
7 t1 r: x7 V8 m4 e6 {2 ixlabel( 'Month' );
5 i5 S% A: V1 |" |%ylabel( 'Radiative Forcing (Wm^-^2)' );
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$ M. |* F3 L |$ `& m' N我将legend放在了子图4上。7 f( b' I( M o1 G$ V# R
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gca=legend( 'BC', 'Nitrate', 'Sulfate', 'POA', 'SOA', 4 ); 4表示把legend放在子图的右下角,还有几个数字的含义是:1 C0 e( z1 [( j' Z6 i( n7 c
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0 = Automatic "best" placement (least conflict with data), h0 M+ }4 Q: ~+ x. i+ t. a3 W
1 = Upper right-hand corner (default)
" `. D6 q, i' q6 ~" N$ u( ? 2 = Upper left-hand corner, B4 T6 m8 A3 j$ T8 P3 T
3 = Lower left-hand corner
% R9 O9 u+ s0 x) e 4 = Lower right-hand corner
: M8 k+ A. O6 ?. @ -1 = To the right of the plot1 X+ C, ]& ?( v( ]# b! J. B
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po=get( gca, 'Position' ); 发现这样放置后legend要挡住图,因此需要再微调一下。获得legend的'Position'值。
6 C$ z5 @- v0 n# D( uset( gca, 'FontSize', 8, 'Position', [po(1)-0.01, po(2)+0.01, po(3), po(4)] ); 重新设置legend的位置,同时设置legend里面的字体为8号。- K5 \# X7 D: t' t, s& t& c
legend('boxoff'); 不画legend的外框。. S: s- z9 h5 N6 i, C6 Z$ B8 }
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强调的是上述调整legend的值要不断地试。因为legend相对子图的位置还要随画图窗口大小变 化而变化。如果你看不懂这句,试试就知道了。$ R# J/ \1 P9 m Y2 ~! q
. Y% n5 Q, a1 [" n6 ~/ ]我一般是将MATLAB画出的图打印成PDF,再用Acrobat打开截屏,贴到WORD中,这样图 像质量似乎比较好。谁还有更好的将MATLAB图转贴到WORD的方法,欢迎赐教。5 m& B6 ~& T3 t( K$ ~* R( k
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